DELIVERY METHODS

EXW (Ex Works - Delivery at a commercial enterprise)

Features of the delivery method: The seller keeps the goods ready for the buyer's disposal on a previously determined date at his enterprise and notifies the buyer. The buyer receives the goods from the enterprise, prepares the necessary documents for export, completes the customs procedures and imports the goods to his own country. All costs and risks and other liabilities related to the goods are covered by the buyer after the goods are delivered to the enterprise.

Seller's Responsibilities: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the contract conditions and keeps the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the place specified in the agreement (factory, warehouse, office, etc.) on the specified date or period. He informs the buyer that the goods are kept ready for his disposal. He helps the buyer to obtain documents related to export. If the buyer requests, he makes an agreement with the transportation agency, all costs and risks being borne by the buyer, and sends the transport document he has prepared so that he can receive the goods at the destination.

Buyer's Responsibilities: He pays the price of the goods in accordance with the contract conditions. It arranges administrative and commercial documents such as licenses, etc. required for export and import transactions, with all costs and risks borne by itself. It is responsible for carrying out customs procedures related to export and import of the goods and paying customs duties. From the moment it receives the goods from the seller's business, all risks and expenses related to the goods are the responsibility of the buyer. It pays the freight cost by making an agreement with the transportation agency for the transportation of the goods.

This term regulates the procedure for the buyer to come and pick up the relevant goods from the seller's address, and the provisions of both the Law on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency and the Decree No. 32 issued based on this Law must be taken into consideration.

FCA (Free Carrier - Delivery to the Carrier at the Designated Place)

Features of the delivery method: In this delivery method, the seller completes the delivery transactions when he completes the customs procedures of the goods and transfers them to the custody of the first carrier on the specified date and place. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods pass to the buyer. The freight fee is paid by the buyer, like all other expenses.

Seller's Responsibilities: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract, prepares the necessary documents requested in the buyer's country and pays the customs expenses. Upon the buyer's request, it makes an agreement with the transportation agency, all expenses being borne by the buyer. It delivers the goods to the carrier or the transportation agency on the specified date and place. All expenses and risks are the seller's responsibility until the moment of delivery.

Buyer's Responsibilities: It pays the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. It is responsible for obtaining documents or permits related to import and paying customs duties and expenses. It makes an agreement with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee. It receives the goods on the specified date and place. From this moment on, all expenses and risks are borne by the buyer.

This term can be used for any transportation operation, including multimodal ones. "Carrier" means any person who personally undertakes or undertakes to provide for the carriage of goods by rail, road, sea, air, river or a combination of these under a contract of carriage.

If the buyer has instructed the seller to deliver the goods to a specified person, for example, someone who is not the carrier himself but provides transportation services, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods from the moment the goods are in the hands of that person.

"Carriage Terminal" may be any railway or freight station, a container terminal or yard, a multipurpose freight terminal or any other similar point of receipt.

The term "Container" is used to describe any type of vehicle in which the load is unitized. For example, any type of container and/or freight wagon, trailer, swap, ro-ro vehicle, igloo falls under the scope of this term and is valid for any type of transportation. Although it is similar to the term FOB, the main difference from it is that in FOB, the delivery point is only the ship, while in FCA, it can be the body of any transportation vehicle (TIR or wagon). If multiple transportation is carried out, the first transportation vehicle will be decisive.

FAS (Free Alongside Ship)

Features of the delivery method: In this delivery method, the seller is responsible for bringing the goods to the ship. If the goods are at the ship's dock, they are brought to the loading area. If the ship is anchored offshore, they are delivered by barges to the ship.

From the moment of delivery, risks such as loss or damage to the goods belong to the buyer. From this moment on, all costs and freight related to the goods are covered by the buyer. In this delivery method, all documents related to export are prepared by the buyer. Customs procedures are also carried out by the buyer. If the buyer company cannot act as an exporter in this country, this delivery method should not be selected.

Seller's Responsibilities: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Upon the buyer's request, all costs and risks belong to the buyer; it helps the buyer obtain the necessary documents and similar administrative and commercial documents requested in his country. The delivery process is completed by bringing the goods to the ship previously determined by the buyer at the specified port on the specified date. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods pass to the buyer. Upon the buyer's request; the seller arranges the loading document at the buyer's expense, sends it to the buyer so that he can receive the goods at the destination port. And makes the necessary notifications without delay.

Buyer's responsibilities: Pays the price of the goods in accordance with the contract terms. Prepares the necessary documents related to export and import, pays all customs expenses. Makes an agreement with the transportation agent and informs the seller about the approximate time the ship will arrive at the loading port. Takes delivery of the goods kept ready for loading order. From this moment on, all costs and risks belong to the buyer.

The term FAS stipulates that the export procedures of the goods are completed by the buyer. This term should not be used in cases where it is not possible for the buyer to complete such procedures directly or indirectly by using an intermediary. In addition, this term can only be used within the framework of sea or river transportation.

FOB (Free On Board)

Features of the delivery method: In this delivery method, the seller loads the goods on the ship provided by the buyer on the specified date and place. After the goods pass the ship's rail (deck), any damage, loss and expenses that may occur are the responsibility of the buyer. The seller prepares all necessary documents for export and delivers the goods by completing the customs procedures.

Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the contract conditions. At the specified port, on the specified date, it loads the ship provided by the buyer. It prepares the necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country and completes the customs procedures. It notifies the buyer that the loading has been done. It prepares the issued transport document and other necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country and sends them to the buyer according to the payment method. Any damage and loss that may occur until the goods pass the ship's rail (deck) is the seller's responsibility.

Buyer's Responsibility: It pays the price of the goods in accordance with the contract conditions. It completes the customs procedures by preparing the customs documents for import. It pays the customs duties. It makes an agreement with the transportation agency and pays the freight. After the goods pass the ship's rail at the loading port, all costs and risks related to the goods are the buyer's responsibility.

CFR (Cost And Freight)

Features of the delivery method: In this delivery method, the seller undertakes all costs and risks and brings the goods to the port where they will be loaded. He has the customs procedures done and carries out the loading by paying the freight fee. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods other than freight belong to the buyer.

Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the contract conditions. He prepares the necessary documents that the buyer will use in his country. He completes the customs procedures. He makes a contract with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee up to the destination port. After the goods pass the ship's rail, all costs and risks other than freight belong to the buyer. The seller notifies the buyer that the loading has been completed and the probable arrival date. He sends the issued transport document and other necessary documents to the buyer.

Buyer's Responsibility: He pays the goods price in accordance with the contract conditions. He completes the customs procedures by preparing the customs documents for import. He pays the customs duties. He/she unloads the goods without delay by paying the unloading costs and port fees at the destination port. He/she must pay all expenses other than freight incurred in relation to the goods during the transportation period.

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)

Features of the delivery method: In this delivery method, the seller undertakes the insurance premium, freight and loading costs and risks and brings the goods to the port where it will be loaded. The seller makes an agreement with the shipping agent and provides it. It notifies the buyer that the goods in the sales contract are loaded on the specified date and place. The seller takes out the narrowest scope marine transportation insurance suitable for the type of goods it loads by paying the insurance premium. After the goods are loaded onto the ship, expenses other than freight and insurance premium and all other possible risks (in the sense of insurance) are transferred to the buyer.

Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the contract conditions. It prepares the necessary documents that the buyer will use in his country. It completes the customs procedures. It makes a contract with the shipping agent and pays the freight fee to the destination port. It insures the goods it sends and pays the insurance premium. It informs the buyer about the approximate date the goods will be at the destination port. It sends the issued transportation document and other necessary documents to the buyer. Buyer's responsibility: Pays the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Completes customs procedures by preparing customs documents for import. Pays customs duties. Unloads the goods without delay by paying the unloading costs and port fees at the destination port of the goods. All costs other than freight and insurance premiums incurred after the moment of delivery are covered by the buyer.

CPT ("Carriage Paid To...." - "Carriage paid until ...")

Characteristics of the delivery method: This delivery method is used especially in multi-vehicle transportation types. The seller is obliged to pay the freight fee up to the destination. As a general rule, all risks and costs other than freight related to the goods pass to the buyer from the moment the goods are transferred to the custody of the first carrier.

Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Prepares the necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country. Completes customs procedures. Makes a contract with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee up to the destination port. From the moment the goods are transferred to the custody of the first carrier, they are free from all risks and expenses related to the goods. They notify the buyer of the delivery and probable arrival date.

Buyer's responsibility: They pay the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. They complete the customs procedures by preparing customs documents for import. They pay customs duties. All costs and risks related to the goods, except for freight, belong to the buyer from the moment the goods are delivered to the first carrier. The buyer also covers customs expenses that may arise due to transit transportation. If they are not included in the freight cost, they pay the unloading expenses and receive the endorsed bill of lading from the agent.

CIP ("Carriage and Insurance Paid To...")

Features of the delivery method: In this delivery method, the seller undertakes the insurance premium, freight and loading expenses and risks and brings the goods to the port where they will be loaded. The seller agrees with the shipping agent and provides them. He informs the buyer that the goods in the sales contract have been loaded on the specified date and place. The seller obtains the narrowest coverage transportation insurance suitable for the type of goods loaded by paying the insurance premium. However, if the buyer wants insurance against extraordinary risks (strike, war, natural disaster, etc.), he can ask the seller to expand the insurance coverage on condition that he pays the premium himself. It is obtained by the seller with more than the price of the goods.

Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. He prepares the necessary documents that the buyer will use in his country. He completes the customs procedures. He makes a contract with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee up to the destination port. He insures the goods he sends and pays the insurance premium. From the moment he transfers the goods to the custody of the first carrier, he is relieved of the relevant risks and expenses. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods other than the freight and insurance premium belong to the buyer. He informs the buyer that he has made the delivery and the probable arrival date.

Buyer's Responsibility: He pays the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. He completes the customs procedures by preparing the customs documents for import. He pays the customs duties. The buyer unloads the goods without delay by paying the unloading costs and port fees at the destination port. All costs incurred after the delivery, except for freight and insurance premium, are covered by the buyer.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

Features of the delivery method: This delivery method is based on the same principles as the DDU delivery method; however, in the DDP delivery method, the seller must also pay customs duties. The seller transfers the goods in a manner no different from a local seller in the buyer's country.

Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the contract conditions. Prepares the necessary documents to be used in his own country and the buyer's country. Completes the Export and Import Customs procedures. Provides the carrier vehicle and pays the freight fee. All costs and risks related to the goods until delivery belong to the seller.

Buyer's Responsibility: Pays the price of the goods in accordance with the contract conditions and receives the goods.

DAT (Delivered At Terminal)

DAT: means the provision (delivery) of the goods to the buyer at the destination to be unloaded by the means of transport, and replaces the previous DEQ clause, and unlike DEQ, can be used multimodally (for multiple means). The seller assumes the costs of transporting the goods to the specified place / terminal related risks of loss.

DAP (Delivered At Place)

DAP: means that the goods are provided (delivered) to the buyer at a specified point for unloading by the means of transport. DAP replaces the previous DAF, DES, and DDU. The seller assumes the costs of transporting the goods to the specified place / terminal related risks of loss.